TY - JOUR ID - 1714 TI - Frequency Regulation of a Standalone Interconnected AC Microgrid Using Innovative Multistage TDF(1+FOPI) Controller JO - Journal of Operation and Automation in Power Engineering JA - JOAPE LA - en SN - 2322-4576 AU - Shayeghi, H. AU - Rahnama, A. AD - Energy Management Research Center, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Y1 - 2024 PY - 2024 VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 121 EP - 133 KW - Bonobo optimization algorithm KW - Load-frequency control KW - Standalone microgrids KW - TDF(1+FOPI) multistage controller DO - 10.22098/joape.2023.10668.1768 N2 - This paper's main purpose is to offer an innovative multistage controller for load-frequency regulation of a standalone interconnected microgrid (SMG). A multistage TDF(FOPI+1) controller is designed, with the first stage being a filter built of the tilting and derivative operators. Transferring the integrator component to the second stage of the controller and employing its fractional-order (FO) form as a FO proportional-integrator (FOPI) controller results in the latter stage of the controller. To calculate the optimal controller parameters, the recently introduced Bonobo optimization algorithm (BOA) is applied. Besides, the optimization objective function is a mix of the control error signal in each area and the dynamic response characteristics of the system. In complex operating conditions such as sudden changes in power demands, uncertainties in renewable energy units' output, considering nonlinear factors, and parametric uncertainties in a two-area SMG, the performance of the proposed controller is compared with classical and multistage controllers. The results show that the TDF(1+FOPI) controller has a competent dynamic response and can be a suitable choice for performing LFC duties in SMGs. This control strategy's advantages include enhanced controller resistivity in diverse circumstances, faster reaction times, and better dynamic behavior. The results of the five studied scenarios show that using the proposed control strategy, the value of the objective function is improved by an average of more than 50% compared to other classical and conventional controllers. Similarly, improvements of more than 70% and 50% in key integral of time-weighted square error (ITSE) and Integral of absolute error (IAE) time zone indicators, respectively, are among the results of these studies. UR - https://joape.uma.ac.ir/article_1714.html L1 - https://joape.uma.ac.ir/article_1714_31cc9381267403df5e7b5eac7f7bc89d.pdf ER -