Power Quality of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations and Optimal Placement in ‎the Distribution Network

Document Type : Research paper

Authors

Department of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran‎

Abstract

Due to the presence of power electronic converters in electric vehicle battery chargers, the electrical power drawn from the distribution system has severe distortions which pose many problems to the power quality. Herein, the impact of chargers in terms of indicators, e.g., penetration level, battery state of charge, type of charging stations, the time of connection of chargers to the network, and the location of charging stations was comprehensively studied on a sample distribution network. The effect of these chargers was investigated based on power quality parameters, e.g., total harmonic distortion (THD) and voltage profile, and the effect of each indicator on these parameters was determined. To minimize the effects of the chargers, an IEEE 33-bus distribution sample network was optimized with the objective functions of voltage drop and THD. Based on this optimization algorithm, the installation placement and the power capacity of the charging stations were obtained to achieve the lowest voltage drop and THD.

Keywords

References

  1. Watson et al., “Impact of electric vehicle chargers on a low voltage distribution system”, EEA Conference & Exhibition, 2015.
  2. Shortt and M. O'Malley, “Quantifying the long-term impact of electric vehicles on the generation portfolio”, IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 5, pp. 71-83, 2014.
  3. Turker and S. Bacha, “Application of housing peak shaving (HPS) algorithms with plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs): impacts on the aging rate of low voltage transformer”, IEEE Trans. Electri. Conf. Expo, 2015.
  4. Tie, C. Gan and K. Ibrahim, “The impact of electric vehicle charging on a residential low voltage distribution network in Malaysia”, IEEE Innov. Smart Grid Tech., 2014.
  5. Abeysinghe et al., “Electrical properties of medium voltage electricity distribution networks”, CSEE J. Power Energy Syst., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 497-509, 2020.
  6. Hussain et al., “Multi-level energy management systems toward a smarter grid: a review”, IEEE Access, 2021.
  7. Orr, A. Emanuel and D. Pileggi, “Current harmonics, voltage distortion, and powers associated with electric vehicle battery chargers distributed on the residential power system”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. IA-20, no. 4, pp. 727-734, 1984.
  8. Oliinyk et al., “Impact of electric vehicles and demand management systems on electrical distribution networks”, Electr. Eng., pp. 1-14, 2021.
  9. Gomez, M. Morcos, “Impact of EV battery chargers on the power quality of distribution systems, IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 18, pp. 975-981, 2003.
  10. Liu, L. Dow, E. Liu, “A survey of PEV impacts on electric utilities”, IEEE PES Innov. Smart Grid Tech. Conf., 2011.
  11. IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 22 on Power Quality, IEEE Std 1159. IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power Quality; 1995.
  12. Orr, A. Emanuel, D. Pileggi, “Current harmonics, voltage distortion, and powers associated with electric vehicle battery chargers distributed on the residential power system”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. Vol. 20, pp. 727-734, 1984.
  13. Wang et al., “Grid impact of electric vehicle fast charging stations: Trends, standards, issues and mitigation measures-an overview”, IEEE Open J. Power Electron., 2021.
  14. Arif et al., “Plug-in electric bus depot charging with PV and ESS and their impact on LV feeder”, Energies, vol. 13, no. 9, p. 2139, 2020.
  15. Sivaraman and C. Sharmeela, “Power quality problems associated with electric vehicle charging infrastructure”, Power Quality Modern Power Syst., 2021.
  16. Rahman et al., “Comprehensive review & impact analysis of integrating projected electric vehicle charging load to the existing low voltage distribution system”, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 153, p. 111756, 2022.
  17. Ahmad et al., “Optimal location of electric vehicle charging station and its impact on distribution network: A review”, Energy Rep., vol. 8, pp. 2314-2333, 2022.
  18. Aghajani and I. Heydari, “Energy management in microgrids containing electric vehicles and renewable energy sources considering demand response”, J. Oper. Autom. Power Eng., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 34-48, 2021.
  19. Babaei, A. Safari, and J. Salehi, “Evaluation of delays-based stability of LFC systems in the presence of electric vehicles aggregator”, J. Oper. Autom. Power Eng., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 165-174, 2022.
  20. Mohammadi and S. Nejad, “Input current THD reduction via virtual resistant in EV charger”, J. Oper. Autom. Power Eng., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 123-131, 2021.
  21. Vazifeh et al., “Optimizing the deployment of electric vehicle charging stations using pervasive mobility data”, Trans. Res. Part A Policy Pr., vol. 121, pp. 75-91, 2019.
  22. Jeff Desjardins. Visualizing the Rise of the Electric Vehicle. 2018. Available online: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/riseelectric-vehicle/ (accessed on 2 July 2019).
  23. Rahman et al., “Swarm intelligence-based smart energy allocation strategy for charging stations of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles”, Math. Probl. Eng, 2015.
  24. Vasant, “Optimal power allocation scheme for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles using swarm intelligence techniques”, Cogent Eng., 2016.
  25. Jing et al., “Location design of electric vehicle charging facilities: a path-distance constrained stochastic user equilibrium approach” J. Adv. Transp., 2017.
  26. Kendall, “Stochastic processes occurring in the theory of queues and their analysis by the method of the imbedded markov chain, Ann. Math. Stat., vol. 24, pp. 338-354, 1953.
  27. Manav, T. Isha, “Comparison of non-isolated schemes for EV charging and their effect on Power Quality”, Int. Conf. Circuits Power Comput. Tech., 2017.
  28. Aljanad and A. Mohamed, “Harmonic impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle on electric distribution system”, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Modell. Simul. Eng., 2016.
  29. Fujun et al., “Research on the harmonic characteristics of electric vehicle fast charging stations”, 2nd Int. Conf. Power Renew. Energy, 2017.
  30. Power Factor Correction (PFC) Basics (PDF) (application note) (42047), Fairchild Semiconductor, 2004.
  31. Staats et al., “A statistical method for predicting the net harmonic currents generated by a concentration of electric vehicle battery chargers”, IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1258-1266, 1997.
  32. Masoum, P. Moses and S. Deilami, “Load management in smart grids considering harmonic distortion and transformer derating”, Innov. Smart Grid Tech., 2010.
  33. Orr, A. Emanuel and D. Pileggi, “Current harmonics, voltage distortion, and powers associated with electric vehicle battery chargers distributed on the residential power system”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 727-734, 1984.
Journal of Operation and Automation in Power Engineering
Volume 11, Issue 3
October 2023
Pages 193-202

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 10 October 2021
  • Revise Date: 18 April 2022
  • Accept Date: 22 May 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics