Optimization a Hybrid Wind and Solar System in Off-Grid and Grid-Connect to Supply Load

Document Type : Research paper

Authors

1 Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Abai 8 Almaty, Kazakhstan

2 Department of Medical Engineering, Mazaya University College, Iraq

3 Department of Optical Techniques, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq

4 Department of Medical Engineering, Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq

5 Department of Medical Engineering, Al-Esraa University College, Baghdad, Iraq

6 College of Petroleum Engineering, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar , Iraq

7 Department of Medical Engineering, Al-Nisour University College, Iraq

8 Department of Medical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq

Abstract

A micro-grid consists of loads, power generation, and energy storage. There are residential and commercial micro-grids. Active is the distributed micro-network. The production resources of micro-grids are either based on fossil fuels or renewable energy. Micro-grids can be independent or connected to the grid. This study investigates the viability and optimal design of a micro-grid based on renewable energy sources, taking pollution control into account, for the iron and steel production project of Mass Group Holdings (MGH) in Sulaymaniyah, Bazian, Iraq. After modeling the considered micro-grid in two modes, grid-connected and grid-independent, and entering the required data, such as weather data, Net Pure Cost (NPC) and pollution are used to calculate the consumption load of the superior plans. Multi-objective optimization utilizing the proposed optimization model yields an objective function value of 0.5237, whereas the PSO algorithm yields 0.5279, demonstrating that the proposed grid-connected method is superior. For off-grid mode, however, the objective functions in the proposed model and PSO optimization are 0.7241 and 0.7282, respectively. In the event that a battery is connected to the network, the diesel generator works for 620 hours less, saving fuel and making the diesel generator more economical from an economic standpoint. In this regard, the network-connected mode produced superior results to the mode that was not connected to the network.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. M. Moghaddas-Tafreshi, S. Mohseni, M. E. Karami, and S. Kelly, “Optimal energy management of a grid-connected multiple energy carrier micro-grid,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 152, pp. 796–806, 2019.
  2. A. Lekvan, R. Habibifar, M. Moradi, M. Khoshjahan, S. Nojavan, and K. Jermsittiparsert, “Robust optimization of renewable-based multi-energy micro-grid integrated with flexible energy conversion and storage devices,” Sustainable Cities Soc., vol. 64, p. 102532, 2021.
  3. M. G. Torres, “Estimated cost of electricity with time horizon for micro grids based on the policy response of demand for real price of energy,” Enfoque Ute, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 41–55, 2020.
  4. Pourfarzin, T. DAEMI, and H. Akbari, “Peer to peer power trading of renewable based micro-grids connected to the distribution network,” in 2022 26th Int. Electr. Power Distrib. Conf. (EPDC), pp. 131–137, IEEE, 2022.
  5. Ishaq, I. Khan, S. Rahman, T. Hussain, A. Iqbal, and R. M. Elavarasan, “A review on recent developments in control and optimization of micro grids,” Energy Rep., vol. 8, pp. 4085–4103, 2022.
  6. Igogo, K. Awuah-Offei, A. Newman, T. Lowder, and J. Engel-Cox, “Integrating renewable energy into mining operations: Opportunities, challenges, and enabling approaches,” Appl. Energy, vol. 300, p. 117375, 2021.
  7. Zafar, S. Bayhan, and A. Sanfilippo, “Home energy management system concepts, configurations, and technologies for the smart grid,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 119271–119286, 2020.
  8. E. T. Souza Junior and L. C. G. Freitas, “Power electronics for modern sustainable power systems: Distributed generation, microgrids and smart gridsa review,” Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 6, p. 3597, 2022.
  9. Nwaigwe, P. Mutabilwa, and E. Dintwa, “An overview of solar power (pv systems) integration into electricity grids,” Mater. Sci. Energy Technol., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 629–633, 2019.
  10. A. Dowling, K. Z. Rinaldi, T. H. Ruggles, S. J. Davis, M. Yuan, F. Tong, N. S. Lewis, and K. Caldeira, “Role of long-duration energy storage in variable renewable electricity systems,” Joule, vol. 4, no. 9, pp. 1907–1928, 2020.
  11. Molajou, P. Pouladi, and A. Afshar, “Incorporating social system into water-food-energy nexus,” Water Resour. Manage., vol. 35, pp. 4561–4580, 2021.
  12. Molajou, A. Afshar, M. Khosravi, E. Soleimanian, M. Vahabzadeh, and H. A. Variani, “A new paradigm of water, food, and energy nexus,” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., pp. 1–11, 2021.
  13. M. Ibrahiem and S. A. Hanafy, “Do energy security and environmental quality contribute to renewable energy? the role of trade openness and energy use in north african countries,” Renewable Energy, vol. 179, pp. 667–678, 2021.
  14. A. Kebede,  T. Kalogiannis, J. Van Mierlo,  and M. Berecibar, “A comprehensive review of stationary energy storage devices for large scale renewable energy sources grid integration,” Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., vol. 159, p. 112213, 2022.
  15. Xu, M. Ji, J. J. Klemeš, H. Tao, B. Zhu, P. S. Varbanov, M. Yuan, and B. Wang, “Optimal renewable energy export strategies of islands: Hydrogen or electricity?,” Energy, vol. 269, p. 126750, 2023.
  16. B. Selçuklu, D. Coit, and F. Felder, “Electricity generation portfolio planning and policy implications of turkish power system considering cost, emission, and uncertainty,” Energy Policy, vol. 173, p. 113393, 2023.
  17. I. Kulat, K. Tosun, A. B. Karaveli, I. Yucel, and B. G. Akinoglu, “A sound potential against energy dependency and climate change challenges: Floating photovoltaics on water reservoirs of turkey,” Renewable Energy, vol. 206, pp. 694–709, 2023.
  18. Weschenfelder, G. d. N. P. Leite, A. C. A. da Costa, de Castro Vilela, C. M. Ribeiro, A. A. V. Ochoa, and A. M. Araújo, “A review on the complementarity between grid-connected solar and wind power systems,” J. Cleaner Prod., vol. 257, p. 120617, 2020.
  19. Li, M. S. Ho, C. Xie, and N. Stern, “China’s flexibility challenge in achieving carbon neutrality by 2060,” Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., vol. 158, p. 112112, 2022.
  20. Impram, S. V. Nese, and B. Oral, “Challenges of renewable energy penetration on power system flexibility: A survey,” Energy Strategy Rev., vol. 31, p. 100539, 2020.
  21. Adefarati and R. C. Bansal, “Reliability, economic and environmental analysis of a microgrid system in the presence of renewable energy resources,” Appl. Energy, vol. 236, pp. 1089–1114, 2019.
  22. Li, C. Liu, S. Jiang, and Y. Chen, “Review on hybrid geothermal and solar power systems,” J. Cleaner Prod., vol. 250, p. 119481, 2020.
  23. Zhang, T. Ding, Q. Zhou, Y. Sun, M. Qu, Z. Zeng, Y. Ju, L. Li, K. Wang, and F. Chi, “A review of technologies and applications on versatile energy storage systems,” Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., vol. 148, p. 111263, 2021.
  24. Quint and S. Dahlke, “The impact of wind generation on wholesale electricity market prices in the midcontinent independent system operator energy market: An empirical investigation,” Energy, vol. 169, pp. 456–466, 2019.
  25. Sorknæs, S. R. Djørup, H. Lund, and J. Z. Thellufsen, “Quantifying the influence of wind power and photovoltaic on future electricity market prices,” Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 180, pp. 312–324, 2019.
  26. Wang, R. Zou, F. Liu, L. Zhang, and Q. Liu, “A review of wind speed and wind power forecasting with deep neural networks,” Appl. Energy, vol. 304, p. 117766, 2021.
  27. Shafiullah, “Impacts of renewable energy integration into the high voltage (hv) networks,” in 2016 4th Int. Conf. Dev. Renewable Energy Technol. (ICDRET), pp. 1–7, IEEE, 2016.
  28. D. Molina, V. J. Martinez, and H. Rudnick, “Technological impact of non-conventional renewable energy in the chilean electricity system,” in 2010 IEEE Int. Conf. Ind. Technol., pp. 977–981, IEEE, 2010.
  29. Duan, X. Li, I. Kockar, and K. Lo, “Effects on transmission capacity with wind power participation,” in 2012 47th Int. Univ. Power Eng. Conf. (UPEC), pp. 1–6, IEEE, 2012.
  30. Syafawati, A. Salsabila, Z. Farhana, Z. Arizadayana, N. Razliana, A. Norjasmi, O. Muzaidi, and S. Akhmal, “Forecasting the potential of solar energy harvest in kangar,” in 2013 IEEE 7th Int. Power Eng. Optim. Conf. (PEOCO), pp. 77–82, IEEE, 2013.
  31. Banerjee, D. Singh, S. Sahana, and I. Nath, “Impacts of metaheuristic and swarm intelligence approach in optimization,” in Cognit. Big Data Intell. Metaheuristic Approach, pp. 71–99, Elsevier, 2022.
  32. Alhaqbani, H. A. Kurdi, and M. Hosny, “Fish-inspired heuristics: a survey of the state-of-the-art methods,” Arch. Comput. Methods Eng., vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 3655–3675, 2022.
  33. Gowrishankar, G. Balasundaram, J. Manikandan, D. Chandrakala, and P. Munisekhar, “Optimising reactive power using a hybrid improved shuffled bat algorithm,” Int. J. Math. Modell. Numer. Optim., vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 352–364, 2023.
  34. H. Jahangir and R. Cheraghi, “Economic and environmental assessment of solar-wind-biomass hybrid renewable energy system supplying rural settlement load,” Sustainable Energy Technol. Assess., vol. 42, p. 100895, 2020.
  35. Liu, S. Wang, M. Q. Lim, M. Kraft, and X. Wang, “Game theory-based renewable multi-energy system design and subsidy strategy optimization,” Adv. Appl. Energy, vol. 2, p. 100024, 2021.
  36. Ghaffari and A. Askarzadeh, “Design optimization of a hybrid system subject to reliability level and renewable energy penetration,” Energy, vol. 193, p. 116754, 2020.
  37. H. Mamaghani, S. A. A. Escandon, B. Najafi, A. Shirazi, and F. Rinaldi, “Techno-economic feasibility of photovoltaic, wind, diesel and hybrid electrification systems for off-grid rural electrification in colombia,” Renewable Energy, vol. 97, pp. 293–305, 2016.
  38. Sanajaoba and E. Fernandez, “Maiden application of cuckoo search algorithm for optimal sizing of a remote hybrid renewable energy system,” Renewable Energy, vol. 96, pp. 1–10, 2016.
  39. Matsui, K. Yamamoto, and J. Ogata, “Study on improvement of lightning damage detection model for wind turbine blade,” Mach., vol. 10, no. 1, p. 9, 2021.
  40. H. Adeh, S. P. Good, M. Calaf, and C. W. Higgins, “Solar PV power potential is greatest over croplands,” Sci. Rep., vol. 9, no. 1, p. 11442, 2019.
  41. T. Y. ALjumaili and Y. Alaiwi, “Enhancement of the polycrystalline solar panel performance using a heatsink cooling system with PCM,” Int. J. Eng. Artif. Intell., vol. 4, no. 1, p. 2434, 2023.
  42. -S. Yang, “A new metaheuristic bat-inspired algorithm,” in Stud. Comput. Intell., pp. 65–74, Springer, 2010.
Journal of Operation and Automation in Power Engineering
Volume 11, Special Issue
Sustainable Power Systems, Energy Management, and Global Warming
March 2023

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 15 October 2023
  • Revise Date: 02 November 2023
  • Accept Date: 08 November 2023
  • First Publish Date: 17 January 2024

Share

How to cite

Statistics