Low Voltage Ride-Through Improvement of a Two-Stage Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System by Using an Optimized SPWM Technique

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research paper

Authors

1 Electrical Engineering Department, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.

2 School of Advanced Technologies, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

Abstract

Due to the increasing use of solar power plants as clean sources, their protection is vital to having desirable interaction with the main grids. This paper proposes a zero-sequence injection sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (ZSI-SPWM) technique for a three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter for a photovoltaic (PV) system connected to the unbalanced three-phase grid. The proposed modulation technique injects the zero-sequence components to the grid as one of the SPWM reference signals, thereby significantly reducing the DC-link voltage oscillations and improve the low voltage ride-through (LVRT) condition. Also, this paper suggests optimal Sugeno fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs) to improve the LVRT capability of a PV connected to an unbalanced main grid, in which FLC rules are designed using the meta-heuristic krill Herding algorithm (KHA). The Gaussian memberships of Sugeno FLCs and proportional-integral (PI) parameters are optimally derived and used for reactive power and ZSI-SPWM simultaneously. The three-phase grid-connected PV system’s power quality is improved by minimizing the multi-objective fitness function with multi-dimensionality. The proposed strategy reduces the DC side voltage oscillation, decreases the total harmonic distortion (THD), and stabilizes the output current, voltage, and flowing power. In this article, a dual second-order generalized integrator frequency locked loop (DSOGI-FLL) is used for better synchronizing the inverter with the grid during asymmetric faults due to its noise attenuation and frequency adaptability characteristics. The performance of the proposed approach is confirmed using simulations in different scenarios in the MATLAB/Simulink environment.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. M. B. Hayat, D. Ali, K. C. Monyake, L. Alagha, and N. Ahmed, “Solar energy—a look into power generation, challenges, and a solar-powered future,” Int. J. Energy Res., vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 1049–1067, 2019.
  2. J. Yu, H. B. Saydaliev, Z. Liu, R. Nazar, and S. Ali, “The asymmetric nexus of solar energy and environmental quality: Evidence from top-10 solar energy-consuming countries,” Energy, vol. 247, p. 123381, 2022.
  3. K. Mahmoud and M. Lehtonen, “Comprehensive analytical expressions for assessing and maximizing technical benefits of photovoltaics to distribution systems,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 4938–4949, 2021.
  4. M. Hamedi, H. Shayeghi, S. Seyedshenava, A. Safari, A. Younesi, and N. Bizon, “Optimal multi-period planning of the distribution network in the presence of wide-spread penetration of small-scale solar resources,” IET Renewable Power Gener., vol. 17, no. 13, pp. 3386–3402, 2023.
  5. K. Matharani and H. Jariwala, “Stability analysis of microgrid with passive, active, and dynamic load,” J. Oper. Autom. Power Eng., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 295–306, 2023.
  6. N. Jaalam, N. Rahim, A. Bakar, and B. Eid, “Strategy to enhance the low-voltage ride-through in photovoltaic system during multi-mode transition,” Solar Energy, vol. 153, pp. 744–754, 2017.
  7. W. Jiang, X. Huang, J. Wang, J. Wang, and J. Li, “A carrier-based pwm strategy providing neutral-point voltage oscillation elimination for multi-phase neutral point clamped 3-level inverter,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 124066–124076, 2019.
  8. C. Odeh, D. Kondratenko, A. Lewicki, and A. Ja˛derko, “Modified spwm technique with zero-sequence voltage injection for a five-phase, three-level npc inverter,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 4, p. 1198, 2021.
  9. M. Regad, M. Helaimi, R. Taleb, H. Gabbar, and A. Othman, “Optimal frequency control in microgrid system using fractional order pid controller using krill herd algorithm,” , no. 2 (eng), pp. 68–74, 2020.
  10. M. K. Hossain and M. H. Ali, “Fuzzy logic controlled power balancing for low voltage ride-through capability enhancement of large-scale grid-connected pv plants,” in 2017 IEEE Texas Power Energy Conf., pp. 1–6, IEEE, 2017.
  11. F.-J. Lin, K.-C. Lu, T.-H. Ke, B.-H. Yang, and Y.-R. Chang, “Reactive power control of three-phase grid-connected pv system during grid faults using takagi–sugeno–kang probabilistic fuzzy neural network control,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electr., vol. 62, no. 9, pp. 5516–5528, 2015.
  12. N. Jaalam, A. Ahmad, A. Khalid, R. Abdullah, N. Saad, S. Ghani, and L. Muhammad, “Low voltage ride through enhancement using grey wolf optimizer to reduce overshoot current in the grid-connected pv system,” Math. Probl. Eng., vol. 2022, no. 1, p. 3917775, 2022.
  13. M. Roslan, A. Q. Al-Shetwi, M. Hannan, P. Ker, and A. Zuhdi, “Particle swarm optimization algorithm-based pi inverter controller for a grid-connected pv system,” PLoS One, vol. 15, no. 12, p. e0243581, 2020.
  14. Z. Hu, H. Norouzi, M. Jiang, S. Dadfar, and T. Kashiwagi, “Novel hybrid modified krill herd algorithm and fuzzy controller based mppt to optimally tune the member functions for pv system in the three-phase grid-connected mode,” ISA Trans., vol. 129, pp. 214–229, 2022.
  15. Z. M. Ali, N. V. Quynh, S. Dadfar, and H. Nakamura, “Variable step size perturb and observe mppt controller by applying θ-modified krill herd algorithm-sliding mode controller under partially shaded conditions,” J. Cleaner Prod., vol. 271, p. 122243, 2020.
  16. A. Lotfy Haridy, A.-A. Ali Mohamed Abdelbasset, A. Mohamed Hemeida, and Z. Mohamed Ali Elhalwany,
    “Optimum controller design using the ant lion optimizer
    for pmsg driven by wind energy,” J. Electr. Eng. Technol., vol. 16, pp. 367–380, 2021.
  17. A. Tan, Z. Tang, X. Sun, J. Zhong, H. Liao, and H. Fang, “A cut-out strategy for wind turbines that ensures low-voltage ride-through capability,” J. Electr. Eng. Technol., vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 1567–1575, 2020.
  18. C. Nithya and J. P. Roselyn, “Multimode inverter control strategy for lvrt and hvrt capability enhancement in grid connected solar pv system,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 54899– 54911, 2022.
  19. O. Alrumayh, K. Sayed, and A. Almutairi, “Lvrt and reactive power/voltage support of utility-scale pv power plants during disturbance conditions,” Energies, vol. 16, no. 7, p. 3245, 2023.
  20. H. H. Ellithy, H. M. Hasanien, M. Alharbi, M. A. Sobhy, A. M. Taha, and M. A. Attia, “Marine predator algorithmbased optimal pi controllers for lvrt capability enhancement of grid-connected pv systems,” Biomimetics, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 66, 2024.
  21. F. Mohammadi, J. Milimonfared, H. Rastegar, and M. FarhadiKangarlu, “Design of a single-phase transformerless gridconnected pv inverter considering reduced leakage current and lvrt grid codes,” J. Oper. Autom. Power Eng., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 49–59, 2021.
  22. S. R. Mohapatra and V. Agarwal, “Model predictive control for flexible reduction of active power oscillation in gridtied multilevel inverters under unbalanced and distorted microgrid conditions,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 1107–1115, 2019.
  23. S. Shabani, M. Delshad, and R. Sadeghi, “A soft switched non-isolated high step-up dc-dc converter with low number of auxiliary elements,” J. Intell. Proced. Electr. Technol., 2022.
  24. X. Li, X. Xing, C. Zhang, C. Qin, X. Liu, G. Zhang, and
    B. Duan, “Neutral-point voltage oscillation mitigation scheme for transformerless three-level pv inverter in lvrt operation with selective space vector modulation,” IEEE J. Emerging Sel. Top. Power Electron., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 2776–2789, 2020.
  25. Y. Li, X. Yang, W. Chen, T. Liu, and F. Zhang, “Neutralpoint voltage analysis and suppression for npc three-level photovoltaic converter in lvrt operation under imbalanced grid faults with selective hybrid svpwm strategy,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 1334–1355, 2018.
  26. B. Brahmbhatt and H. Chandwani, “Grid synchronization for three-phase grid-tied converter using decouple-second-order generalized integrator,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Int. Syst. Signal Process.: e-ISSP 2020, pp. 347–359, Springer, 2022.
  27. D. G. Photovoltaics and E. Storage, “Ieee standard for interconnection and interoperability of distributed energy resources with associated electric power systems interfaces,” IEEE std, vol. 1547, no. 1547, p. 2018, 2018.
  28. S. M. Alizadeh, C. Ozansoy, and A. Kalam, “Investigation into the impact of pcc parameters on voltage stability in a dfig wind farm,” in 2017 Australas. Univ. Power Eng. Conf., pp. 1–6, IEEE, 2017.
  29. S. Mortazavian and Y. A.-R. I. Mohamed, “Dynamic analysis and improved lvrt performance of multiple dg units equipped with grid-support functions under unbalanced faults and weak grid conditions,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 9017–9032, 2017.
  30. Y. Li, Y. Lei, X. Lin, and Y. Zhu, “Research on the application of an smes based on sliding mode control to enhance the lvrt capability of a grid-connected pv system,” Electr. Power Components Syst., vol. 47, no. 9-10, pp. 914–926, 2019.
  31. M. Nadour, A. Essadki, and T. Nasser, “Improving lowvoltage ride-through capability of a multimegawatt dfig based wind turbine under grid faults,” Prot. Control Mod. Power Syst., vol. 5, pp. 1–13, 2020.
  32. A. H. Gandomi and A. H. Alavi, “Krill herd: a new bio-inspired optimization algorithm,” Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul., vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 4831–4845, 2012.
  33. S. Mashaly and M. H. Abdallah, “Low voltage ride through and fault ride through capability of 40kw pv model grid connected,” in 2016 Saudi Arabia Smart Grid, pp. 1–6, IEEE, 2016.
  34. L. Guan and J. Yao, “Dynamic stability improvement scheme for dual-sequence plls in vsc based renewable energy generation system during asymmetrical lvrt,” Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 145, p. 108683, 2023.
  35. S. W. Ali, A. K. Verma, Y. Terriche, M. Sadiq, C.-L. Su, C.-H. Lee, and M. Elsisi, “Finite-control-set model predictive control for low-voltage-ride-through enhancement of pmsg based wind energy grid connection systems,” Math., vol. 10, no. 22, p. 4266, 2022.
Journal of Operation and Automation in Power Engineering

Articles in Press, Corrected Proof
Available Online from 23 November 2024

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 13 November 2023
  • Revise Date: 28 June 2024
  • Accept Date: 02 July 2024
  • First Publish Date: 23 November 2024

Share

How to cite

Statistics