Load–Frequency Control of a Restructured Multi-Area Power System with DFIG-Based Wind Integration Using Coordinated AVR–PSS–FACTS and Optimized PID Controllers

Document Type : Research paper

Authors

1 1Scientific Research Center "Scientific Foundations and Problems of the Development of the Economy of Uzbekistan" under Tashkent State University of Economics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

2 Alfraganus University. House 2a, Yuqori Qoraqamish street, Tashkent,100190, Uzbekistan.

3 3Termiz State University of Engineering and Agrotechnologies, Termez , Uzbekistan

4 Termez University of Economics and Service, Termez, Uzbekistan

5 Urgench State University named after Abu Rayhan Biruni, Urgench, Uzbekistan;

6 Tashkent State University of Economics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

7 Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies, Andijan, Uzbekistan

10.22098/joape.2025.18913.2466

Abstract

This study investigates load–frequency control (LFC) in a restructured multi‑area power system with significant renewable energy integration, where increased stochasticity and reduced inertia intensify frequency deviations. A coordinated control strategy combining automatic voltage regulator (AVR), power system stabilizer (PSS), thyristor‑controlled phase shifter (TCPS), and optimized PID controllers is proposed to improve dynamic performance under competitive market conditions. Metaheuristic optimization techniques are employed to tune controller parameters for robustness across operating scenarios, including high renewable penetration and contractual power transactions. Simulation results demonstrate that the coordinated scheme substantially reduces overshoot, settling time, and frequency oscillations compared with conventional control approaches. The findings confirm that integrating auxiliary damping devices with optimized LFC significantly enhances frequency stability and resilience in modern deregulated power systems.

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Main Subjects

Journal of Operation and Automation in Power Engineering
Volume 13, Special Issue
Intelligent and Sustainable Power Systems (ISPS): AI-Driven Innovations for Renewable Integration and Smart Grid Resilience
2025

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History

  • Receive Date: 27 November 2025
  • Revise Date: 27 December 2025
  • Accept Date: 29 December 2025
  • First Publish Date: 29 December 2025

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