Enhancing Gas Grid Robustness and Power System Reliability to Natural Disasters by Deploying Power-to-Gas and Coordinated Planning

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research paper

Authors

1 Electrical Engineering Department, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.

2 Energy Systems Research Institute, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

Abstract

Conventional power systems are designed for reliability under normal conditions but struggle during extreme events such as hurricanes. Most resilience studies either concentrate on transmission systems or fail to explicitly model gas-network failures that can disrupt electricity distribution. This oversight results in inadequate planning for interdependent power–gas distribution grids during floods and storms. We propose a two-stage stochastic Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model that (i) strengthens and configures power distribution assets while simultaneously planning for the gas network, (ii) explicitly simulates gas pipeline failures caused by floods that hinder gas-fired generation, and (iii) incorporates gas storage and Power-to-gas (P2G) locations while adhering to gas flow and pressure constraints. The framework has been validated on a 33-bus power system, a 14-node gas system, an IEEE-118 system, and a 26-node gas case. Key findings indicate that, in the absence of gas storage, disruptions in fuel supply lead to significant unsupplied energy (ENS reaching 67.06 MWh) and reduced reliability (SAIDI reaching 38.6 minutes. However, including gas storage can decrease load-shedding costs by approximately 30% and improve reliability indices such as SAIFI, CAIDI, and ENS by 20–40%. Optimal strategies involve targeted fortification and the strategic placement of distributed energy resources and energy storage systems (e.g., seven fortified lines, three distributed generators, and four energy storage systems in the 33-bus scenario), balancing investment against recovery effectiveness across various failure scenarios. Integrating gas-network failure modeling with coordinated power–gas planning significantly enhances outage management and cost outcomes during flooding events.

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References

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Journal of Operation and Automation in Power Engineering

Articles in Press, Corrected Proof
Available Online from 21 September 2026

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History

  • Receive Date: 30 May 2025
  • Revise Date: 24 October 2025
  • Accept Date: 09 November 2025
  • First Publish Date: 21 September 2026

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