Robust Self-Scheduling of PVs-Wind-Diesel Power Generation Units in a Standalone Microgrid under Uncertain Electricity Prices

Document Type : Research paper

Authors

Power Systems Operation and Planning Research Department, Niroo Research Institute (NRI), Shahrak Ghods, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

In the semi-autonomous regions and remote islands, the multiple diesel units are usually used for supplying demand and exchanging power with other adjacent zones. In the risk-aware generation companies consisting of diesel engines, photovoltaic panels (PVs), and wind turbines, the uncertain electricity market prices affect the optimum operating points of these units, the total revenue gained from selling energy to neighbor microgrids, and the daily fuel cost of the diesel generators. Moreover, the output power of the diesel engines is a nonlinear function of their specific fuel consumption at discrete loading intervals. Therefore, this paper aims to present a risk-aware mixed integer nonlinear optimization problem for finding the best generation schedules of the diesel units involving the energy price fluctuations. The total fuel costs of the diesel engines minus the total revenue achieved from procuring power for nearby regions is minimized as a cost objective function satisfying the lower and upper generation bounds in each loading subinterval, the load-generation balance criterion, and the nominal capacities of generating units. The cubic spline interpolation is used for accurately fitting the fuel-power curves of the diesel generators at successive loading subintervals because of its zero norm of residual in comparison with 5${}^{th}$ degree and quadratic polynomials. A benchmark microgrid with six diesel generators, PVs and wind turbines is robustly scheduled using the budget of uncertainty with no need to probability distribution and membership functions of energy prices. It is revealed that this strategy is practical for each price-taker generation company, which desires the risk-aversion production patterns of the diesel power production units against the energy market price uncertainty in a specific operating horizon.

Keywords

References

  1. A. Abdul-Wahab, Y. Charabi, A. M. Al-Mahruqi, and I. Osman, "Design and evaluation of a hybrid energy system for Masirah Island in Oman," Int. J. Sustainable Eng., vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 288-297, 2020.
  2. Amoatey, A. Al-Hinai, A. Al-Mamun, and M. S. Baawain, "A review of recent renewable energy status and potentials in Oman," Sustainable Energy Technol. Assess., vol. 51, p. 101919, 2022.
  3. Makhdoomi and A. Askarzadeh, "Impact of solar tracker and energy storage system on sizing of hybrid energy systems: A comparison between diesel/PV/PHS and diesel/PV/FC," Energy, vol. 231, p. 120920, 2021.
  4. Shayeghi, and M. Alilou. "Multi-Objective Demand Side Management to Improve Economic and Environmental Issues of a Smart Microgrid," J. Oper. Autom. Power Eng., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 182-192, 2021.
  5. K. Das, M. Hasan, and F. Rashid, "Optimal sizing of a grid-independent PV/diesel/pump-hydro hybrid system: A case study in Bangladesh," Sustainable Energy Technol. Assess., vol. 44, p. 100997, 2021.
  6. He, Y. Shou, and H. Wang, "Fuel economy optimization of diesel engine for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle based on equivalent operating points," Control Eng. Pract., vol. 123, p. 105162, 2022.
  7. Khirennas, A. Kaabeche, A. Talha, and Y. Bakelli, "A new optimal sizing methodology of storage-less PV system for retrofitting existing diesel-based power generation system within mini-grids," Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 250, p. 114854, 2021.
  8. Xu, W. Hu, D. Cao, Q. Huang, W. Liu, Z. Liu, Z. Chen, and H. Lund, "Designing a standalone wind-diesel-CAES hybrid energy system by using a scenario-based bi-level programming method," Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 211, p. 112759, 2020.
  9. Maheri, I. Unsal, and O. Mahian, "Multiobjective optimisation of hybrid wind-PV-battery-fuel cell-electrolyserdiesel systems: An integrated configuration-size formulation approach," Energy, vol. 241, p. 122825, 2022.
  10. dos Santos Coelho and V. C. Mariani, "An improved harmony search algorithm for power economic load dispatch," Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 2522-2526, 2009.
  11. Dejamkhooy, M. Hamedi, H. Shayeghi, and S. SeyedShenava, "Fuel consumption reduction and energy management in stand-alone hybrid microgrid under load uncertainty and demand response by linear programming," J. Oper. Autom. Power Eng., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 273-281, 2020.
  12. Kumar, N. Pal, and H. Sharma, "Techno-economic analysis of solar photo-voltaic/diesel generator hybrid system using different energy storage technologies for isolated islands of India," J. Energy Storage, vol. 41, p. 102965, 2021.
  13. Liu, H. Zhang, J. Dong, and H. Yu, "A predictionbased optimization strategy to balance the use of diesel generator and emergency battery in the microgrid," Int. J. Energy Res., vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 5425-5440, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/er.5292.
  14. A. Ashraf, Z. Liu, A. a. Alizadeh, S. Nojavan, K. Jermsittiparsert, and D. Zhang, "Designing an Optimized Configuration for a Hybrid PV/Diesel/Battery Energy System Based on Metaheuristics: A Case study on Gobi Desert," J. Cleaner Prod., p. 122467, 2020.
  15. S. Aziz, M. F. N. Tajuddin, T. E. K. Zidane, C.-L. Su, A. J. K. Alrubaie, and M. J. Alwazzan, "Techno-economic and environmental evaluation of PV/diesel/battery hybrid energy system using improved dispatch strategy," Energy Reports, vol. 8, pp. 6794-6814, 2022.
  16. Salameh, C. Ghenai, A. Merabet, and M. Alkasrawi, "Techno-economical optimization of an integrated standalone hybrid solar PV tracking and diesel generator power system in Khorfakkan, United Arab Emirates," Energy, vol. 190, p. 116475, 2020.
  17. F. Altun and M. Kilic, "Design and performance evaluation based on economics and environmental impact of a PVwind-diesel and battery standalone power system for various climates in Turkey," Renewable Energy, 2020.
  18. A. Honarmand, A. G. Shamim, and H. Meyar-Naimi, "A robust optimization framework for energy hub operation considering different time resolutions: A real case study," Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, vol. 28, p. 100526, 2021.
  19. K. Das, M. A. Alotaibi, P. Das, M. Islam, S. K. Das, and M. A. Hossain, "Feasibility and techno-economic analysis of stand-alone and grid-connected PV/Wind/Diesel/Batt hybrid energy system: A case study," Energy Strategy Rev., vol. 37, p. 100673, 2021.
  20. Rana and A. Rahman, "Multiple steps ahead solar photovoltaic power forecasting based on univariate machine learning models and data re-sampling," Sustainable Energy Grids Networks, vol. 21, p. 100286, 2020.
  21. Yang,        M.             Ghadamyari,             H.              Khorramdel,              S.M. Seyed Alizadeh, S. Pirouzi, M. Milani, F. Banihashemi, and N. Ghadimi, "Robust multi-objective optimal design of islanded hybrid system with renewable and diesel sources/stationary and mobile energy storage systems," Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., vol. 148, p. 111295, 2021.
  22. Wang, "Multi-objective configuration optimization method for a diesel-based hybrid energy system," Energy Reports, vol. 6, pp. 2146-2152, 2020.
  23. Shayeghi, F. Monfaredi, A. Dejamkhooy, M. Shafie-khah, and J. Catalão, "Assessing hybrid supercapacitor-battery energy storage for active power management in a wind-diesel system," Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 125, p. 106391, 2021.
  24. Zeljkoviˇ c, P. Mrši´ c, B. Erceg, Ð. Leki´ c, N. Kiti´ c, and´ P. Matic, "Optimal sizing of photovoltaic-wind-diesel-battery´ power supply for mobile telephony base stations," Energy, vol. 242, p. 122545, 2022.
  25. Jabari, S. Nojavan, B. Mohammadi-ivatloo, H. Ghaebi, and H. Mehrjerdi, "Risk-constrained scheduling of solar Stirling engine based industrial continuous heat treatment furnace," Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 128, pp. 940-955, 2018.
  26. Zhang, , W. Hu, D. Cao, W. Liu, R. Huang, Q. Huang, Z. Chen, and F. Blaabjerg, "Data-driven optimal energy management for a wind-solar-diesel-battery-reverse osmosis hybrid energy system using a deep reinforcement learning approach," Energy Convers. Manage. , vol. 227, p. 113608, 2021.
  27. Makhdoomi and A. Askarzadeh, "Optimizing operation of a photovoltaic/diesel generator hybrid energy system with pumped hydro storage by a modified crow search algorithm," J. Energy Storage, vol. 27, p. 101040, 2020.
  28. E. K. Nsafon, A. B. Owolabi, H. M. Butu, J. W. Roh, D. Suh, and J.-S. Huh, "Optimization and sustainability analysis of PV/wind/diesel hybrid energy system for decentralized energy generation," Energy Strategy Rev., vol. 32, p. 100570, 2020.
  29. Maleki, "Optimization based on modified swarm intelligence techniques for a stand-alone hybrid photovoltaic/diesel/battery system," Sustainable Energy Technol. Assess., vol. 51, p. 101856, 2022.
  30. A. Ashraf, Z. Liu, A. a. Alizadeh, S. Nojavan, K. Jermsittiparsert, and D. Zhang, "Designing an optimized configuration for a hybrid PV/Diesel/Battery Energy System based on metaheuristics: A case study on Gobi Desert," J. Cleaner Prod. , vol. 270, p. 122467, 2020.
  31. Robertson, J. Bekker, and B. Buckham, "Renewable integration for remote communities: Comparative allowable cost analyses for hydro, solar and wave energy," Appl. Energy, vol. 264, p. 114677, 2020.
  32. Li, L. Zhang, F. Qiu, and R. Fu, "Optimization and enviroeconomic assessment of hybrid sustainable energy systems: The case study of a photovoltaic/biogas/diesel/battery system in Xuzhou, China," Energy Strategy Rev., vol. 41, p. 100852, 2022.
  33. M. Alzahrani, M. Zohdy, and B. Yan, "An overview of optimization approaches for operation of hybrid distributed energy systems with photovoltaic and diesel turbine generator," Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 191, p. 106877, 2021.
  34. Jabari, H. Seyedi, S. Najafi Ravadanegh, and B. Mohammadi-Ivatloo, "Multi-objective optimal preventive islanding based on stochastic backward elimination strategy considering uncertainties of loads and wind farms," Int. Trans. Electr. Energy Syst., vol. 27, no. 12, p. e2451, 2017.
  35. Jabari and B. Mohammadi-Ivatloo, "Optimal Short-Term Scheduling of Photovoltaic Powered Multi-chiller Plants in the Presence of Demand Response Programs," in Ope. Plann. Analy. Energy Storage Syst. Smart Energy Hubs: Springer, 2018, pp. 103-119.
  36. Jabari, H. Arasteh, A. Sheikhi-Fini, and B. MohammadiIvatloo, "Optimization of a tidal-battery-diesel driven energyefficient standalone microgrid considering the load-curve flattening program," Int. Trans. Electr. Energy Syst., vol. 31, no. 9, p. e12993, 2021.
  37. Yadav, R. Kumar, S. Panda, and C. Chang, "An improved harmony search algorithm for optimal scheduling of the diesel generators in oil rig platforms," Energy Convers. Manage. , vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 893-902, 2011.
  38. L. Soyster, "Convex programming with set-inclusive constraints and applications to inexact linear programming," Oper. Res., vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 1154-1157, 1973.
  39. https://www.gams.com.
  40. https://www.gams.com/latest/docs/S_BARON.html.
  41. Jabari, B. Mohammadi-ivatloo, and M. Mohammadpourfard, "Robust optimal self-scheduling of potable water and power producers under uncertain electricity prices," Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 162, p. 114258, 2019.
  42. J. Conejo, J. Contreras, R. Espínola, and M. A. Plazas, "Forecasting electricity prices for a day-ahead pool-based electric energy market," Int. J. Forecasting, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 435-462, 2005.
  43. https://www.globalpetrolprices.com/diesel_prices/.
  44. Maheri, "Multi-objective design optimisation of standalone hybrid wind-PV-diesel systems under uncertainties," Renewable Energy, vol. 66, pp. 650-661, 2014.
  45. R. E.-H. Bouchekara, M. S. Javaid, Y. A. Shaaban, M. S. Shahriar, M. A. M. Ramli, and Y. Latreche, "Decomposition based multiobjective evolutionary algorithm for PV/Wind/Diesel Hybrid Microgrid System design considering load uncertainty," Energy Reports, vol. 7, pp. 52-69, 2021.
  46. Yadav, R. Kumar, S. Panda, and C. Chang, "Optimization of the power generation scheduling in oil-rig platforms using Genetic Algorithm," in IEEE Int. Symp. Indus. Electron., 2010: IEEE, pp. 2292-2297.
  47. Jabari, M. Nazari-Heris, B. Mohammadi-Ivatloo, S. Asadi, and M. Abapour, "Toward energy-efficient microgrids under summer peak electrical demand integrating solar dish Stirling heat engine and diesel unit," J. Energy Manag. Techno., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 23-29, 2020.
Journal of Operation and Automation in Power Engineering
Volume 12, Issue 2
April 2024
Pages 152-162

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 05 July 2022
  • Revise Date: 10 September 2022
  • Accept Date: 07 October 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics