Electric Mechinces & Drive
Sh. Yadav; S.K. Mallik; A. Mishra
Abstract
Low Switching-based v/f -controlled induction motor (IM) drives are incredibly susceptible to torque harmonics and their Vibrations. These consequences lead to intensifying losses, damage drive, and can even turn out into shaft failure of high power/speed drives. In literature, numerous control ...
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Low Switching-based v/f -controlled induction motor (IM) drives are incredibly susceptible to torque harmonics and their Vibrations. These consequences lead to intensifying losses, damage drive, and can even turn out into shaft failure of high power/speed drives. In literature, numerous control algorithm based on pulse width modulation (PWM) has been reported for low switching-based IM drive. Nowadays, standard PWM techniques (Sinusoidal PWM (S-PWM), selective harmonic elimination (SHE) PWM) are being used as the solution in low-switching IM drives. In this manuscript, the proposed synchronous reference frame (SRF) based P-PWM scheme is analytically evaluated to minimise the torque harmonics and its vibration in low switching IM drive. In this paper, a specific case of four switching angles per quarter cycle (Sq=4) is considered in which the optimized switching angles are obtained while maintaining the quarter wave symmetry (QWS) and half wave symmetry (HWS) nature of the waveform. The proposed approach is validated on 1hp IM drive and compared with S-PWM and SHE-PWM with respect to torque spectrum and vibration under No Load and different loading conditions. Real-time waveforms are recorded using the SRF-based P-PWM technique and the TYPHOON-HIL hardware setup to demonstrate the superior performance of the SRF-based P-PWM in comparison to S-PWM and SHE-PWM, in terms of lower torque harmonics and their vibrations.
Electric Mechinces & Drive
N. Rostami; A.A. Kadhim; M.B. Bannae-Sharifian
Abstract
Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motors (PMLSMs) suffer from inevitable cogging force, especially in low-speed applications. In this paper, a new PMLSM is presented that uses segmented magnets instead of typically used rectangular magnets. This results in a significant reduction in cogging force and ...
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Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motors (PMLSMs) suffer from inevitable cogging force, especially in low-speed applications. In this paper, a new PMLSM is presented that uses segmented magnets instead of typically used rectangular magnets. This results in a significant reduction in cogging force and improved back EMF waveform. However, with these types of magnets, the actual three-dimensional (3D) structure of the machine cannot be reduced to a 2D problem because the thickness of the magnets varies with the depth of the device. Although 3D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) can be used, this method is very time-consuming even for one calculation step, which makes it difficult to use in optimization processes. To overcome these challenges, quasi-3D approach is used to transform the actual 3D structure of the machine into several 2D models and find the overall performance by combining the results obtained for each 2D problem. Genetic algorithm combined with quasi-3D method is used to find the appropriate thickness of each PM segment.
Electric Mechinces & Drive
M. Megrini; A. Gaga; Y. Mehdaoui
Abstract
Utilizing electric vehicles (EVs) in place of conventional vehicles is now necessary to lower carbon dioxide emissions, provide clean energy, and lessen environmental pollution. Numerous researchers are trying to figure out how to make these electric vehicles better in order to address this. Electric ...
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Utilizing electric vehicles (EVs) in place of conventional vehicles is now necessary to lower carbon dioxide emissions, provide clean energy, and lessen environmental pollution. Numerous researchers are trying to figure out how to make these electric vehicles better in order to address this. Electric motors and batteries are necessary parts of electric cars. As such, the development of these vehicles was associated with the development of these two entities. This review lists all of the sophisticated electric machines, their control schemes, and the embedded systems that are utilized to put these schemes into practice. Due to this review, we determined out, the induction motor and permanent magnet synchronous motor have been demonstrated to be the most efficient and suitable alternative for propulsion drive in electric vehicles. Furthermore, because torque and speed can be controlled simultaneously with minimal noise and ripples, the FOC approach continues to be the ideal control method. This evaluation offers comprehensive information regarding the application of various control measures. Whereas the model- based design technique made it easier for engineers to program, validate, and fine-tune the system’s controllers before deploying it in the field, STM32 and DSP320F28379 are the best embedded systems for implementation because of their low cost and compatibility with the SIMULINK environment.
Electric Mechinces & Drive
D.M. Sonje; R. Munje
Abstract
Fault detection and classification (FDC) is a vital area in the health monitoring of three-phase induction machines. According to the failure survey of three three-phase induction machines, bearing-related faults cause a percentage of motor failures in the range of almost 41-50% which is very significant. ...
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Fault detection and classification (FDC) is a vital area in the health monitoring of three-phase induction machines. According to the failure survey of three three-phase induction machines, bearing-related faults cause a percentage of motor failures in the range of almost 41-50% which is very significant. These faults may occur one or multiple at a time in the bearing. With a well-designed fault detection method, failure of the motor can be reduced and productivity can also be increased. This paper proposes the simultaneous bearing fault detection and classification in three three-phase induction machine using the combination of feature fusion method and intelligent random forest (RF) algorithm. The paper contributes in two folds. In the first part of the paper, the performance of traditional methods such as vibration and current analysis is tested in which statistical parameters obtained from current and vibration signals are passed separately to the intelligent random forest classifier. In the second part of the paper, statistical parameters obtained from current and vibration signals are fused together and used as inputs to the RF classifier. The accuracy and various other performance measures are calculated and based on experimental results; a remarkably high detection/classification performance is achieved.
Electric Mechinces & Drive
H. Zaimen; A. Rezig; S. Touati
Abstract
Voltage source inverters (VSIs) based on insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) may face various faults that can affect the operation and safety of the entire electric drive system. To enhance the reliability of the drive system, it is crucial to develop an accurate fault diagnosis (FD) method and ...
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Voltage source inverters (VSIs) based on insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) may face various faults that can affect the operation and safety of the entire electric drive system. To enhance the reliability of the drive system, it is crucial to develop an accurate fault diagnosis (FD) method and increase fault tolerance control (FTC) capabilities. This paper provides a novel FTC strategy for IGBT open circuit fault (OCF) in induction motor (IM) drives. The proposed FTC strategy includes a fault diagnosis algorithm and inverter reconfiguration. A three-phase current-based diagnosis method (FD) is adopted in this research, where the average absolute value of the normalized currents is used to extract fault detection variables. The developed FD method does not need any extra sensors and provides fast diagnosis time, which is equivalent to almost 25-30% of the phase current’s fundamental cycle. To accomplish satisfactory post-fault operation of the IM drive, a four-leg inverter topology is employed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed fault-tolerant drive and diagnosis method is proven through various simulation results.
Electric Mechinces & Drive
V. Naeini; N. Sadeghi
Abstract
This research paper focuses on the optimal configuration of an outer rotor permanent magnet brushless DC (ORBLDC) motor. As torque ripple is a drawback associated with this type of motor, the study proposes an optimal design to minimize torque fluctuations. The proposed design approach considers factors ...
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This research paper focuses on the optimal configuration of an outer rotor permanent magnet brushless DC (ORBLDC) motor. As torque ripple is a drawback associated with this type of motor, the study proposes an optimal design to minimize torque fluctuations. The proposed design approach considers factors such as slot width, pole arc (pole span), the number of slots, and the least common multiple factors between the number of poles and slots. Initially, the machine's parameters and dimensions are determined using design equations, and then different configurations are evaluated using the finite element method to achieve reduced torque fluctuations. The findings demonstrate that the combined design methods employed effectively minimize output torque ripples. Considering various design factors and employing advanced optimal techniques can contribute to the development of more efficient and reliable motor designs as well as reducing torque ripples.
Electric Mechinces & Drive
M. Moazen; R. Kazemzadeh; M. R. Azizian
Abstract
Brushless doubly fed reluctance generator (BDFRG) has been recently suggested as a wind generator. Different control methods are presented in literature for the BDFRG, but there is a gap on control under unbalanced grid voltage condition (UGVC). This paper presents a predictive direct power control (PDPC) ...
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Brushless doubly fed reluctance generator (BDFRG) has been recently suggested as a wind generator. Different control methods are presented in literature for the BDFRG, but there is a gap on control under unbalanced grid voltage condition (UGVC). This paper presents a predictive direct power control (PDPC) method for the BDFRG under UGVC. The proposed PDPC method is based on power compensation strategy, and aims to balance the BDFRG current (strategy I), and to remove the electrical torque pulsation (strategy II). The control objectives are defined using the BDFRG positive sequence (PS) and negative sequence (NS) equations. Then, the active power and reactive power variations are predicted to compute the required voltage for the BDFRG control winding. Finally, the BDFRG is controlled by applying the calculated voltage to the control winding. Simulink toolbox of MATLAB software is used to simulate the system model. Both the proposed PDPC method (with strategies I & II) and the original PDPC method (without a compensation strategy) are applied to control of the BDFRG under UGVC, and the results are compared. The results show the good performance of the proposed PDPC method.
Electric Mechinces & Drive
A. Younesi; S. Tohidi; M.R. Feyzi
Abstract
Model predictive control (MPC) based methods are gaining more and more attention in power converters and electrical drives. Nevertheless, high computational burden of MPC is an obstacle for its application, especially when the prediction horizon increases extends. At the same time, increasing the prediction ...
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Model predictive control (MPC) based methods are gaining more and more attention in power converters and electrical drives. Nevertheless, high computational burden of MPC is an obstacle for its application, especially when the prediction horizon increases extends. At the same time, increasing the prediction horizon leads to a superior response. In this paper, a long horizon MPC is proposed to control the power converter employed in the rotor side of DFIG. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a new comparative algorithm to speed up the optimization of the objective function. The proposed algorithm prevents examining all inputs in each prediction step to saving the computational time. Additionally, the proposed method along with the use of an incremental algorithm applies a sequence of weighting factors in the cost function over the prediction horizon to maximize the impact of primary samples on the optimal vector selection. Therefore, the proposed MPC strategy can predict a longer horizon with relatively low computational burden. Finally, results show that the proposed controller has the fastest dynamic response with lower overshoots compared to direct torque control and vector control method. In addition, the proposed strategy with more accurate response reduces the calculation time by up to 48% compared to classical MPC, for the prediction horizon of three.
Electric Mechinces & Drive
S. Hajiaghasi; Z. Rafiee; A. Salemnia; M. R. Aghamohammadi
Abstract
Brushless DC (BLDC) motors are used in a wide range of applications due to their high efficiency and high power density. In this paper, sensorless four-switch direct power control (DPC) method with the sector to sector commutations ripple minimization for BLDC motor control is proposed. The main features ...
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Brushless DC (BLDC) motors are used in a wide range of applications due to their high efficiency and high power density. In this paper, sensorless four-switch direct power control (DPC) method with the sector to sector commutations ripple minimization for BLDC motor control is proposed. The main features of the proposed DPC method are: (1) fast dynamic response (2) easy implementation (3) use of power feedback for motor control that is much easy to implement (4) eliminating the torque dips during sector-to sector commutations. For controlling the motor speed, a position sensorless method is used enhancing drive reliability. For reference speed tracking, a PI control is also designed and tuned based on imperialist competition algorithm (ICA) that reduces reference tracking error. The feasibility of the proposed control method is developed and analyzed by MATLAB/SIMULINK®. Simulation results prove high performance exhibited by the proposed DPC strategy.
Electric Mechinces & Drive
H. Afsharirad; M. B. B. Sharifian; M. Sabahi; S. H. Hosseini
Abstract
A dual mechanical port machine (DMPM) is used as an electrically variable transmission (EVT) in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). In the conventional HEV, this machine is replaced by a planetary gearbox and two electric machines and makes this structure simpler. This paper presents field oriented control ...
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A dual mechanical port machine (DMPM) is used as an electrically variable transmission (EVT) in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). In the conventional HEV, this machine is replaced by a planetary gearbox and two electric machines and makes this structure simpler. This paper presents field oriented control (FOC) for DMPM. For HEV application, drive efficiency and wide operating speed range are important. The control strategy, which uses the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) method at low speed and flux weakening (FW) method at high speed are proposed. The model of DMPM considering the magnetic coupling between two air gaps has been developed in MATLAB/Simulink and the proposed control strategy is applied to DMPM. The simulation results have been provided with a brief discussion at the end.
Electric Mechinces & Drive
D. Habibinia; M. Feyzi; N. Rostami
Abstract
Accurate computing of the saturated inductances of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) is very important during the design process. In this paper, a new method is presented based on the B-H characteristic of the stator material and unsaturated inductances formulations. This method is used to ...
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Accurate computing of the saturated inductances of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) is very important during the design process. In this paper, a new method is presented based on the B-H characteristic of the stator material and unsaturated inductances formulations. This method is used to calculate the saturated inductances of the axial flux PMSM. The synchronous inductance and all of the leakage inductances can be calculated using this method. Two motors with different slot/pole combinations are selected as the case studies. The effectiveness and accuracy of the method is confirmed by 3D Finite Element Analysis (FEA). This method can be extended to other types of electric machines comprising multi-phase winding in their armature such as induction motors and other types of synchronous motors.
Electric Mechinces & Drive
M. Jafarboland; S. M. Mousavi
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is the calculation of Unbalanced Magnetic Force (UMF) in permanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC) machines with diametrically asymmetric winding and investigation of UMF variations in the presence of phase advance angle. This paper presents an analytical model of UMF in surface ...
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The purpose of this paper is the calculation of Unbalanced Magnetic Force (UMF) in permanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC) machines with diametrically asymmetric winding and investigation of UMF variations in the presence of phase advance angle. This paper presents an analytical model of UMF in surface mounted PMBLDC machines that have a fractional ratio of slot number to pole number. This model is according to a 2-D analytical field model. By an appropriate choice for slot number to the pole number ratio, the magnitude of UMF is zero and this is achieved only when the stator slot and coils distribution are symmetrical about the diameter of the machine. The presented model is validated by 2-D finite element analysis and a good agreement is obtained between them. Also, UMF is calculated in the presence of different phase advance angles. UMF was calculated for 33-slot/34-pole and 36-slot/34-pole external rotor machines with analytical and finite element method. A machine with 33-slot/34-pole has significantly larger UMF than the 36-slot/34-pole machine. Also, UMF is calculated for the 33-slot/34-pole machine in the presence of phase advanced angles and results show that the magnitude of UMF changes with the amount of phase advance angle periodically. The impact of phase advance angle method on the magnitude of UMF is investigated for the first time by finite element method. Due to increasing or decreasing of the magnitude of UMF in the presence of different phase advance angles, the magnitude of UMF is an important feature in the selection of appropriate phase advance angle.
Electric Mechinces & Drive
S. Sadr; D. Arab Khaburi; M. Namazi
Abstract
This paper presents the movement dynamic of the train and the relationship between the speed of wheel and train, as well as a discussion about the concept of wheel slip. There are two different operation regions designated as creep and wheelspin areas for wheel slip. Creep and wheelspin areas have stable ...
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This paper presents the movement dynamic of the train and the relationship between the speed of wheel and train, as well as a discussion about the concept of wheel slip. There are two different operation regions designated as creep and wheelspin areas for wheel slip. Creep and wheelspin areas have stable and unstable characteristics, respectively. Wheels and rails are constructed from iron, and thus the friction between them is negligible. Therefore, operation point of speed control system may be in either creep or wheelspin areas. The place of the operation point depends on the values of driving torque compared with the value of maximum adhesion torque. As described, in this article too, in order to minimize the acceleration time, the best operation point is maximum adhesion point. To provide a situation to study algorithms of adhesion control, this paper presents a complete model for simulation the adhesion control. Adhesion coefficient is a non-measurable quantity; therefore, an estimator, previously used, for its estimation is used. The traction motor which is used in this study is an induction motor. The speed control system of this traction motor is field oriented control. The presented model is used in operation in creep/wheelspin area and on maximum adhesion point. The simulation results approve the model.
Electric Mechinces & Drive
Mehdi Bigdeli; Davood Azizian; Ebrahim Rahimpour
Volume 4, Issue 1 , June 2016, , Pages 83-92
Abstract
Nowadays, the most generated electrical energy is consumed by three-phase induction motors. Thus, in order to carry out preventive measurements and maintenances and eventually employing high-efficiency motors, the efficiency evaluation of induction motors is vital. In this paper, a novel and efficient ...
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Nowadays, the most generated electrical energy is consumed by three-phase induction motors. Thus, in order to carry out preventive measurements and maintenances and eventually employing high-efficiency motors, the efficiency evaluation of induction motors is vital. In this paper, a novel and efficient method based on Improved Big Bang-Big Crunch (I-BB-BC) Algorithm is presented for efficiency estimation in the induction motors. In order to estimate the induction motor’s efficiency, the measured current, the power factor and the input power are applied to the proposed method and an appropriate objective function is presented. The main advantage of the proposed method is efficiency evaluation of induction motor without any intrusive test. Moreover, a new effective and improved version of BB-BC algorithm is introduced. The presented modifications can improve the accuracy and speed of the classic version of algorithm. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed method, a comparison with other traditional methods and intelligent optimization algorithms is performed.
Electric Mechinces & Drive
H Nazari; N. Rostami
Volume 3, Issue 2 , December 2015, , Pages 94-101
Abstract
This paper presents a method for diagnosis of eccentricity fault in a switched-reluctance motor (SRM) during offline and standstill modes. In this method, the fault signature is differential induced voltage (DIV) achieved by injecting diagnostic pulses to the motor windings. It will be demonstrated by ...
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This paper presents a method for diagnosis of eccentricity fault in a switched-reluctance motor (SRM) during offline and standstill modes. In this method, the fault signature is differential induced voltage (DIV) achieved by injecting diagnostic pulses to the motor windings. It will be demonstrated by means of results that there is a correlation between differential induced voltage and eccentricity occurrence. The method employs three-dimensional transient finite-element method (TFEM) analysis to calculate differential induced voltage in three phase 6/4 SRM. In this method, first of all the fault presence is distinguished. Next, an algorithm is presented for the detection of fault location or faulty phase. Then, the direction of fault is recognized by a simple comparative technique, and finally, results comparing is proposed to detect fault type.
