F. Khalafian; A. Saffarian
Abstract
Existing generators used in renewable wind Turbines (WT) that are connected to the power system at the distribution level need a sound power grid for proper operation. The purpose of this article is to simultaneously use Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC), wind turbine and appropriate control system ...
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Existing generators used in renewable wind Turbines (WT) that are connected to the power system at the distribution level need a sound power grid for proper operation. The purpose of this article is to simultaneously use Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC), wind turbine and appropriate control system to achieve the lowest harmonic distortion and voltage drop during network faults. Also, in this article, in order to check the efficiency of different fact tools when there is a fault in the network, a comparison between UPQC performance with static VAR compensator (SVC) and distribution synchronous static compensator (D-STATCOM) was made and the obtained results were presented. The performed simulations are based on compensation of voltage decrease and increase as well as compensation of harmonic distortion caused by nonlinear loads. The results obtained in this article show that Using UPQC in the network was able to compensate for 100% of voltage drop and voltage increase in the network, while svc and D-Statcom equipment in the best case compensated for 98\% of voltage increase and 90\% of voltage decrease. UPQC also can be the best tool to eliminate network flow harmonics. In the previous papers, the best value for harmonic current distortion was 1.67%, but our results showed that the harmonic distortion of the network current when using UPQC is 1.47%. Also the harmonic distortion of network current with SVC and D-Statcom is 5.67 and 4.87 percent, respectively. The capability of the equipment in compensating for short circuit fault current and protection of wind power plant is also evaluated. There was no change in wind turbine voltage during the use of UPQC and faults, and 1 P.U remained constant, but when using svc and D-Statcom equipment, the wind turbine voltage during the fault decreased by 0.3 and 0.5 P.U respectively.
N. Rostami
Abstract
In this paper, a comprehensive parametric analysis for an axial-flux permanent magnet synchronous generator (AFPMSG), designed to operate in a small-scale wind-power applications, is presented, and the condition for maximum efficiency, minimum weight and minimum cost is deduced. Then a Computer-Aided ...
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In this paper, a comprehensive parametric analysis for an axial-flux permanent magnet synchronous generator (AFPMSG), designed to operate in a small-scale wind-power applications, is presented, and the condition for maximum efficiency, minimum weight and minimum cost is deduced. Then a Computer-Aided Design (CAD) procedure based on the results of parametric study is proposed. Matching between the generator side and turbine characteristics as well as the mechanical constraints is taken into account in design algorithm. A 2.5 kW AFPMSG with two parallel connected stators and surface mounted permanent magnets on its rotor disk is designed using the developed program, and then three dimensional finite-element analyses are carried out to validate the design procedure.
Power System Stability
M. Nasiri; J. Milimonfared; S. H. Fathi
Abstract
This paper presents a new nonlinear backstepping controller for a direct-driven permanent magnet synchronous generator-based wind turbine, which is connected to the power system via back-to-back converters. The proposed controller deals with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in normal condition and ...
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This paper presents a new nonlinear backstepping controller for a direct-driven permanent magnet synchronous generator-based wind turbine, which is connected to the power system via back-to-back converters. The proposed controller deals with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in normal condition and enhances the low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability in fault conditions. In this method, to improve LVRT capability, machine-side converter controls dc-link voltage and MPPT is performed by grid side converter. Hence, PMSG output power is reduced very fast and dc-link voltage variation is reduced. Due to nonlinear relationship between dc-link voltage and controller input, nonlinear backstepping controller has good performances. By applying the proposed controller, dc-link overvoltage is significantly decreased. The proposed controller has good performance in comparison with Proportional-Integral (PI) controller and Sliding Mode Controller (SMC). In asymmetrical faults, to decrease grid side active power oscillations, the nonlinear backstepping dual-current controller is designed for positive- and negative- sequence components. The simulation results confirm that the proposed controller is efficient in different conditions.
Energy Management
H. Shayeghi; E. Shahryari
Abstract
Utilizing distributed generations (DGs) near load points has introduced the concept of microgrid. However, stochastic nature of wind and solar power generation as well as electricity load makes it necessary to utilize an energy management system (EMS) to manage hourly power of microgrid and optimally ...
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Utilizing distributed generations (DGs) near load points has introduced the concept of microgrid. However, stochastic nature of wind and solar power generation as well as electricity load makes it necessary to utilize an energy management system (EMS) to manage hourly power of microgrid and optimally supply the demand. As a result, this paper utilizes demand response program (DRP) and battery to tackle this difficulty. To do so, an incentive-based DRP has been utilized and the effects of applying DRP on microgrid EMS problem have been studied. The objective functions of microgrid EMS problem include the total cost and emission. These metrics are combined in a multi-objective formulation and solved by the proposed multi-objective group search optimization (MOGSO) algorithm. After obtaining Pareto fronts, the best compromise solution is determined by using fuzzy decision making (FDM) technique. Studies have been employed on a test microgrid composed of a wind turbine, photovoltaic, fuel cell, micro turbine and battery while it is connected to the upper-grid. Simulation results approve the efficiency of the proposed method in hourly operation management of microgrid components.
Distribution Systems
A. Lashkar Ara; H. Bagheri Tolabi; R. hosseini
Volume 4, Issue 2 , December 2016, , Pages 93-103
Abstract
In this paper, a combination of simulated annealing (SA) and intelligent water drops (IWD) algorithm is used to solve the nonlinear/complex problem of simultaneous reconfiguration with optimal allocation (size and location) of wind turbine (WT) as a distributed generation (DG) and dynamic voltage restorer ...
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In this paper, a combination of simulated annealing (SA) and intelligent water drops (IWD) algorithm is used to solve the nonlinear/complex problem of simultaneous reconfiguration with optimal allocation (size and location) of wind turbine (WT) as a distributed generation (DG) and dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) as a distributed flexible AC transmission systems (DFACT) unit in a distribution system. The objectives of this research are to minimize active power loss, minimize operational cost, improve voltage stability, and increase the load balancing of the system. For evaluation purposes, the proposed algorithm is evaluated using the Tai-Power 11.4-kV real distribution network. The impacts of the optimal placement of the WT, DVR, and WT with DVR units are separately evaluated. The results are compared in terms of statistical indicators. By comparing all the testing scenarios, it is observed that the multi-objective optimization evolutionary algorithm is more beneficial than its single-objective optimization counterpart. Also, the obtained results show that the proposed SAIWD method outperforms the IWD method and other intelligent search algorithms such as genetic algorithm or particle swarm optimization.
V. Behjat; A. R. Dehghanzadeh
Volume 2, Issue 2 , December 2014, , Pages 121-128
Abstract
In this research paper, the performance of an air-cored axial flux permanent magnet synchronous generator is evaluated for low speed, direct drive applications using 3D finite element modeling and experimental tests. The structure of the considered machine consists of double rotor and coreless stator, ...
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In this research paper, the performance of an air-cored axial flux permanent magnet synchronous generator is evaluated for low speed, direct drive applications using 3D finite element modeling and experimental tests. The structure of the considered machine consists of double rotor and coreless stator, which results in the absence of core losses, reduction of stator weight and elimination of cogging torque. In addition, the generator output voltage is sinusoidal in low speed operation and has a linear relationship with rotor speed, which makes it a suitable option for wind turbine applications. The simulation results of the proposed generator coincide very well with the experimental results on a system realized in the laboratory.
H. Khorramdel; B. Khorramdel; M. Tayebi Khorrami; H. Rastegar
Volume 2, Issue 1 , June 2007, , Pages 49-59
Abstract
The major problem of wind turbines is the great variability of wind power production. The dynamic change of the wind speed returns the quantity of the power injected to networks. Therefore, wind–thermal generation scheduling problem plays a key role to implement clean power producers in a competitive ...
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The major problem of wind turbines is the great variability of wind power production. The dynamic change of the wind speed returns the quantity of the power injected to networks. Therefore, wind–thermal generation scheduling problem plays a key role to implement clean power producers in a competitive environment. In deregulated power systems, the scheduling problem has various objectives than in a traditional system which should be considered in economic scheduling. In this paper, a Multi-Objective Economic Load Dispatch (MOELD) model is developed for the system consisting of both thermal generators and wind turbines. Using two optimization methods, Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), the system is optimally scheduled. The objective functions are total emission and total profit of units. The probability of stochastic wind power is included in the model as a constraint. This strategy, referred to as the Here-and-Now (HN) approach, avoids the probabilistic infeasibility appearing in conventional models. Based on the utilized model, the effect of stochastic wind speed on the objective functions can be readily assessed. Also a Total Index (TI) is presented to evaluate the simulation results. Also, the results show preference of PSO method to combine with HN approach.
